Definition: A pterygium is a wedge-shaped growth on the cornea that can cause irregular warpage of the corneal curvature, called irregular astigmatism. Pterygium often arise from pingueculua that have progressively grown from the conjunctiva onto the cornea.

 

Cause: Pterygia, like pinguecula, are typically caused by repeated sun and wind exposure. For this reason, they are more common in people who have worked outside for their occupations or come from more southern climates.

 

Symptoms: Pterygia are usually asymptomatic. Occasionally, they may become inflamed, causing irritation and redness of the eye. UV-protective sunglasses may be helpful in preventing further growth. Sunglasses that block light from the side as well as the front may be helpful. Some pterygia may slowly grow onto the center of the cornea, blocking light and causing decreased vision.

 

Treatment: Most pterygia do not need treatment. Occasionally, artificial tears and possibly ibuprofen drops will be prescribed if the pterygium is inflamed, irritated or causing dryness. If the pterygium is causing severe astigmatism, or has grown onto the center of the cornea and is blocking light from entering the eye, a surgical procedure to remove the pterygium may be needed.

 

Prognosis: Though most pterygia do not cause severe symptoms or grow larger, those that do may require surgical removal. About 10-20% of the time, the pterygium may grow back after surgery, requiring a second removal procedure.